Irrigation: Definition. Benefits and ill effects of irrigation. System of irrigation: surface and ground water, flow irrigation, lift irrigation, Bandhara irrigation. Water Requirements of Crops: Duty, delta and base period, relationship between them, factors affecting duty of water crops and crop seasons in India, irrigation efficiency, frequency of irrigation.

Canals: Types of canals. Alignment of canals. Definition of gross command area, cultural command area, intensity of irrigation, time factor, crop factor. Unlined and lined canals. Standard sections. Design of canals by Lacey’s and Kennedy’s method. Reservoirs: Definition, investigation for reservoir site, storage zones determination of storage capacity using mass curves, economical height of dam.

Gravity dams: Forces acting on a gravity dam, causes of failure of a gravity dam, elementary profile, and practical profile of a gravity dam, limiting height of a low gravity dam, Factors of Safety – Stability Analysis, Foundation for a Gravity Dam, drainage and inspection galleries.

Earth dams: Types of Earth dams, causes of failure of earth dam, criteria for safe design of earth dam, seepage through earth dam-graphical method, measures for control of seepage. Spillways: types of spillways, Design principles of Ogee spillways – Spillway gates. Energy Dissipaters and Stilling Basins Significance of Jump Height Curve and Tail Water Rating Curve – USBR and Indian types of Stilling Basins.

Diversion Head works: Types of Diversion head works- weirs and barrages, layout of diversion head work – components. Causes and failure of Weirs and Barrages on permeable foundations, -Silt Ejectors and Silt Excluders, Weirs on Permeable Foundations Creep Theories Bligh’s, Lane’s and Khosla’s theories, Determination of uplift pressure-Various Correction Factors – Design principles of weirs on permeable foundations using Creep theories – exit gradient, U/s and D/s Sheet Piles – Launching Apron.