Introduction to embedded systems: Application domain of embedded systems, desirable features and general characteristics of embedded systems, model of an embedded system, microprocessor Vs microcontroller, example of a simple embedded system, figure of merit for an embedded system, classification of MCUs: 4/8/16/32 bits, history of embedded systems, current trends.

Embedded systems-The hardware point of view: Microcontroller unit (MCU), The Processor, The Harvard Architecture, A popular 8-bit MCU: General Purpose I/O (GPIO), Clock; Memory for embedded systems: Semiconductor Memory, Random Access Memory (RAM), Static RAM (SRAM), An SRAM Chip. Low Power Design, Pull up and Pull Down Resistors.

Sensors, ADCs and Actuators:
Sensors: Temperature Sensor, Light Sensor, Proximity/range Sensor; Analog to digital converters: ADC Interfacing, Control Interface, Data Interface; Actuators: Displays, Light Emitting Diodes (LED), Seven Segment LED; Motors: Stepper Motors, DC Motors.

Examples of embedded systems: Mobile phone, Automotive electronics, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Wireless Sensor Networks (WISENET), Robotics, Biomedical applications, Brain machine interface.

Embedded Design-A Systems Perspective: A Typical Example, Product Design, The Design Process, Testing, Bulk Manufacturing.