Introduction: Operating States of Power System, Objectives of Control, Key Concepts of Reliable Operation, Preventive and Emergency Controls, Energy Management Centers.

Supervisory Control and Data acquisition (SCADA): Introduction, components, applicationin Power System, basic functions and advantages. Building blocks of SCADA system, components of RTU, communication subsystem, IED functional block diagram.

Classification of SCADA system: Single master–single remote; Single master–multiple RTU; Multiple master–multiple RTUs; and Singlemaster, multiple submaster, multiple remote.

Automatic Generation Control(AGC): Introduction, Schematic diagram of load frequency and excitation voltage regulators of turbo generators.

Load frequency control(Single area case), Turbine speed governing system, Model of speed governing system, Turbine model, Generator load model, Complete block diagram of Representation of load frequency control of an isolated power system, Steady state analysis, Control area concept, Proportional plus Integral Controller.

Automatic Generation Control in Interconnected Power system: Two real load frequency control, Optimal(Two area) load frequency control by state variable, Automatic voltage control, Load frequency control with generation rate constraints (GRCs), Speed governor and its effect on AGC, Digital LF Controllers, Decentralized control.

Control of Voltage and Reactive Power: Introduction, Generation and absorption of reactive power, Relation Between voltage, power and reactive power at a node, Methods of voltage control, Injection of reactive power, Shunt capacitors and reactors, Series capacitors, Synchronous compensators, Series injection. Tap changing transformers. Combined use of tap changing transformers and reactive power injection, Booster transformers, Phase shift transformers, Voltage collapse.

Power System Security: Introduction, Factors affecting power system security, Contingency Analysis, Linear Sensitivity Factors, AC power flow methods, Contingency Selection and Ranking.

State estimation of Power Systems: Introduction, Linear Least Square Estimation.