Programmable Logic Controllers: Introduction, Parts of a PLC, Principles of Operation, Modifying the Operation, PLCs versus Computers, PLC Size and Application.

PLC Hardware Components: The I/O Section, Discrete I/O Modules, Analog I/O Modules, Special I/O Modules, I/O Specifications, The Central Processing Unit (CPU), Memory Design, Memory Types, Programming Terminal Devices, Recording and Retrieving Data, Human Machine Interfaces (HMIs).

Basics of PLC Programming: Processor Memory Organization, Program Scan, PLC Programming Languages, Relay-Type Instructions, Instruction Addressing, Branch Instructions, Internal Relay Instructions, Programming Examine If Closed and Examine If Open Instructions, Entering the Ladder Diagram, Modes of Operation.

Developing Fundamental PLC Wiring Diagrams and Ladder Logic Programs: Electromagnetic Control Relays, Contactors, Motor Starters, Manually Operated Switches, Mechanically Operated Switches, Sensors, Output Control Devices, Seal-In Circuits, Latching Relays, Converting Relay Schematics into PLC Ladder Programs, Writing a Ladder Logic Program Directly from a Narrative Description.

Programming Timers: Mechanical Timing Relays, Timer Instructions, On-Delay Timer Instruction, Off-Delay Timer Instruction, Retentive Timer, Cascading Timers.

Programming Counters: Counter Instructions, Up-Counter, Down-Counter, Cascading Counters, Incremental Encoder-Counter Applications, Combining Counter and Timer Functions.

Program Control Instructions: Master Control Reset Instruction, Jump Instruction, Subroutine Functions, Immediate Input and Immediate Output Instructions, Forcing External I/O Addresses, Safety Circuitry, Selectable Timed Interrupt, Fault Routine, Temporary End Instruction, Suspend Instruction.

Data Manipulation Instructions: Data Manipulation, Data Transfer Operations, Data Compare Instructions, Data Manipulation Programs, Numerical Data I/O Interfaces, Closed-Loop Control. Math Instructions: Math Instructions, Addition Instruction, Subtraction Instruction, Multiplication Instruction, Division Instruction, Other Word-Level Math Instructions, File Arithmetic Operations.

Sequencer and Shift Register Instructions: Mechanical Sequencers, Sequencer Instructions, Sequencer Programs, Bit Shift Registers, Word Shift Operations.

Process Control, Network Systems, and SCADA: Types of Processes, Structure of Control Systems, On/Off Control, PID Control, Motion Control, Data Communications, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA).