Introduction to Embedded System: What is an Embedded Systems? Embedded systems Vs General computing systems, History of Embedded Systems, Classification of Embedded systems, Major Application Areas of Embedded Systems. Purpose of Embedded Systems, The Typical Embedded System, Microprocessor Vs Microcontroller, Differences between RISC and CISC, Harvard V/s VonNeumann Processor/Controller Architecture, Big-endian V/s Little-endian processors, Memory (ROM and RAM types), Sensors & Actuators, The I/O Subsystem – I/O Devices, Light Emitting Diode (LED), 7- Segment LED Display, Optocoupler, Relay, Piezo buzzer, Push button switch, Communication Interfaces, On-board Communication Interface, External Communication Interface, Embedded Firmware, Other System Components.

Embedded System Design Concepts: Characteristics and Quality Attributes of Embedded Systems, Operational and non-operational quality attributes, Embedded Systems-Application and Domain specific, Hardware Software Co-Design and Program Modeling (excluding UML), Embedded firmware design and development (excluding C language).

RTOS and IDE for Embedded System Design: Operating System basics, Types of operating systems, Task, process and threads (Only POSIX Threads with an example program), Thread preemption, Preemptive Task scheduling techniques, Task Communication, Task synchronization issues – Racing and Deadlock. How to choose an RTOS, Integration and testing of Embedded hardware and firmware, Embedded system Development Environment – Block diagram (excluding Keil).

ARM Embedded Systems: Introduction, RISC design philosophy, ARM design philosophy, Embedded system hardware – AMBA bus protocol, ARM bus technology, Memory, Peripherals, Embedded system software – Initialization (BOOT) code, Operating System, Applications. ARM Processor Fundamentals, ARM core dataflow model, registers, current program status register, Pipeline, Exceptions, Interrupts and Vector Table, Core extensions.

Introduction to the ARM Instruction set: Introduction, Data processing instructions, Load – Store instruction, Software interrupt instructions, Program status register instructions, Loading constants, ARMv5E extensions, Conditional Execution.