Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles: History of Electric Vehicles, Hybrid Electric Vehicles, Fuel Cell Vehicles, Performance of EVs – Traction Motor Characteristics, Tractive Effort and Transmission Requirement, Vehicle performance, Energy Consumption

Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Concept of Hybrid Electric Drive Trains, Architectures of Hybrid Electric Drive Trains.

Design Principle of Series and parallel Hybrid Electric Drive Train: Operation Patterns, Control Strategies-Max. SOC-of-PPS and Engine On–Off

Series Hybrid Electric Drive: Train Design Electrical Coupling Device, Power Rating Design of the Traction Motor, Power Rating Design of the Engine/Generator, Design of PPS, Power Capacity of PPS, Energy Capacity of PPS.

Parallel Hybrid Electric Drive Train Design: Drive Train Configuration and Design Objectives, Control Strategies, Max. SOC-of-PPS Control Strategy Engine On–Off (Thermostat) Control Strategy, Constrained Engine On–Off Control Strategy.

Batteries in Electric and Hybrid vehicles: Basics of Battery-Battery cell Structure and Chemical reactions. Battery Parameters -Battery capacity, Open circuit voltage, Terminal voltage, Practical capacity, Discharge rate, State of charge, Battery energy, Battery power, Specific power,

Fuel Cells: Operating Principles, Fuel Cell System Characteristics, Fuel Cell Technologies, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC)Types of fuel cells-Alkaline,, Phosphoric Acid, Molten Carbonate, Solid Oxide, Direct Methanol.

Power Grid of Electric Vehicles: Vehicle grid interface -electric vehicle charging -dc fast chargers,480 V Fast Charger, MV Fast Charger, Electric vehicle Charging station, Grid impact of fast chargers, Electric vehicles in micro grids. Micro grid and controls –Primary- and Secondary-Level Controls, Droop-Based Controls, Oscillator-Based Controls, Tertiary control,V2G and G2V power converter, Solar generation Integration with electric Vehicles –Coordinated Control of Solar PV Generation, Storage and PEV.

Strategy of Hybrid Vehicle Control: vehicle supervisory controller, Mode selection strategy–Mechanical power-split hybrid modes, Electric Only (Low Speeds, Reverse, Battery Charging), Parallel Mode, Power-Split Mode, Engine Brake Mode, Regeneration mode. Modal control strategies –series and parallel control.